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IPv6: The Future of the Internet What you should know?

The most recent version of the internet protocol, known as IPv6, was developed by the IETF and aids in localizing and identifying endpoint systems on a computer network as well as routing online traffic, all while addressing the issue of IPv4 address exhaustion brought on by widespread, prolonged internet use. This page describes IPv6, its main functions, and the difficulties that may arise when it is implemented.

Key Takeaways

What is IPV6?

Communication via networks is made possible by the network layer protocol known as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). An individual IP address is assigned to each internet-connected device that is used to locate and identify it. It was clear that the IP addresses that Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) utilised to link devices wouldn\’t be sufficient to fulfil demand during the 1990s digital revolution. As a result, the IETF started working on creating the next-generation internet protocol.

On July 14, 2017, IPv6 was adopted as an internet standard for widespread deployment. It had previously been a draught standard for the IETF since December 1998.

Why IPV6? Limitations of IPV4

Due to the growing utilisation of devices like mobile phones, laptops, and desktops, inefficient address use, and always-on devices like cable modems, IPv4 addresses were quickly running out. Technologies including classful networks, classless inter-domain routing, and network address translation were created in order to address the IPv4 address depletion issue.

By developing enhancements in the core address allocation and routing mechanisms of the web, these technologies helped find a solution.

The 40 extra octets in the IPv6 packet allow users to grow the protocol without affecting its fundamental design. Additionally, IPv6 contains a 128-bit address and a bigger address space that can be used in the future. There are 8 groups of the 128-bit address, each with 16 bits. Each group is represented by four hexadecimal values, with colons separating each group from the others. A network host connecting through IPv6 receives a unique identification particular to the subnet.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of IPV6?

The technique offers internet users a number of benefits:
IPv6 offers a solution to the widespread problem of shrinking address spaces as a result of rising IP address demand brought on by technical improvements. It provides dependability and quicker speeds. Media streams and other bandwidth-intensive packet flows can simultaneously reach several locations thanks to IPv6\’s functionality for multicast addresses.

Compared to IPv4, it imposes more stringent network security. IPv6 features IPSecurity, which guarantees data integrity and privacy. Furthermore, it improves routing effectiveness. No matter whether a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is present or not, it supports stateless and stateful address configuration. It can handle packets more effectively and has a bigger address space.

However this comes with some disadvantages too

For instance, IPv6 and IPv4 cannot be used together. Different internet protocols make it challenging for a device to communicate with a network. Even though IPv4 is less reliable, performs worse, and has practically all of its address space used up, it is nevertheless more widely used than IPv6.

The incompatibility between the two protocols and the high costs involved with switching to IPv6 infrastructure will make a full migration to IPv6 very time-consuming.

Also Read: 10 Careers in Cybersecurity to Choose: From Beginner to Beyond

How does IPV6 work?

1. IPV6 Addresses

IPv6 addresses utilise 128 bits, which is four times as much as IPv4 addresses, which only use 32 bits. In contrast to IPv4, which uses dotted decimal, IPv6 addresses are expressed using hexadecimal. Since a hexadecimal integer utilises 4 bits, an IPv6 address is made up of 32 of them. These numerals are written with a colon (:) as a separator and are divided into eight groups of four. Examples are group6, group7, group8, etc.

2. Network and node addresses

Address classes in IPv4 were used to divide an address into two parts: a network part and a node part. Subnet masking later took its place as a substitute. An address is divided into two components in IPv6, too. There are two 64-bit segments that make up the address. The network component is located in the upper 64-bit segment, while the node component is located in the bottom 64-bit section.

The network component of the computer is divided into two blocks, every 48 bits, and 16 bits, respectively. On an internal network, subnets are created using the lowest 16 bits, which are managed by a network administrator. Global network addresses are stored in the top 48 bits, which are utilized for internet routing.

3. Using IPV6 in the URL\’s

A user can utilize HTTP://192.168.121/webpage to access a network resource, such as a web page, via an IPv4 network. The format must be changed in order to view web pages through IPv6. IPv6 addresses must be placed in square brackets with a colon as a separator. Using the URL HTTP://[2001:db8:4531:674::100e] as an example.

4. IPV6 loopback

The computer interface is represented by the loopback address. Both in IPv4 and IPv6, the TCP/IP protocol stack repeats the packets back on the same interface. In IPv4, loopback addresses are only permitted on the 127.0.0.0/8 network. 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001/128 is the IPv6 equivalent of the loopback address. It may be written as: 1/128. Routers will not forward packets with an unknown address in IPv4 or IPv6, respectively. IPv6\’s unspecified address is::/0.

What are the challenges of IPV6?

Due to the rapidly diminishing supply of IPv4 addresses, the IETF had codified the development of IPv6 by 1998. Later, in 2017, the IETF formally endorsed IPv6 as an Internet standard. In 2022, just a portion of the IPv4 to IPv6 transition will have been completed.

The necessity to switch to IPv6 has grown urgent due to the virtually complete exhaustion of worldwide IPv4 addresses. IPv6\’s lack of backward compatibility with IPv4 is the main issue in switching from it. Using an IPv6 address with a network that solely utilizes IPv4 leads to DNS and routing issues.

Common issues concerning IPV6 are clearly stated in this article. Read to know more about the challenges of IPV6.

Conclusion

Overall, despite the fact that IPv6 is the internet of the future, ISPs are not yet prepared to allocate resources, put new technology into use, and maintain the infrastructure in every situation.

In the end, it\’s obvious that we\’ll need to utilise both IPv4 and IPv6 for the foreseeable future given the problems that remain, the most of which we\’ve explored in this essay.

It\’s a good thing that not all businesses need to migrate to IPv6 immediately because the prices are expensive and the migration\’s future is unclear. 

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10 Careers in Cybersecurity to Choose: From Beginner to Beyond

Find your suitable careers in Cybersecurity that will fit you and your interests.

Due to the pandemic, there has been a particularly notable transition in the workplace toward online environments, with hybrid workplaces and remote working becoming popular, Our personal and professional lives have mostly gone online. Thus we are more vulnerable to cyberattacks as we rely more heavily on the internet for every area of our life.

The number of cyberattacks across industries and regions has increased by 125% year over year, according to research from Accenture Business, and it had become a significant source of concern. In order to overcome the challenges posed by growing cyberattacks, 77% of organizations intend to boost their cybersecurity budgets, according to a Verizon survey.

Given the present situation, which includes growing worries about cyberattacks and increased funding for cybersecurity, careers in cybersecurity is expanding dramatically. Experts in cybersecurity are at the forefront of the fight against cybercrime. However, there is a shortage in this industry, with India alone predicted to have 1.5 million open positions by 2025. Consequently, careers in cybersecurity offers tremendous opportunity for advancement for experts and a wide range of rewarding prospects.

You have the opportunity to work in a fast-paced setting where you can continuously learn and develop when you work in the cybersecurity industry. If you work in information technology (IT) or are considering a career change, cybersecurity may be something to take into account.

In this post, we\’ll take a closer look at a few of the various careers in cybersecurity you may apply for. We\’ll also go through how to start a career in cybersecurity and potential job paths.

\"careers

The majority of cybersecurity specialists work their way up from entry-level IT positions. The most typical entry-level careers in cybersecurity are listed below.

1. Information security analyst

This is a great way to get started in the field of information security and one of the most typical roles on a cybersecurity team.

Average salary: $89,795

As an information security analyst, you contribute to the defence of computer networks and systems inside a business by

  • Keeping an eye out for security flaws in networks
  • Examining, recording, and disclosing security breaches
  • IT security trends research
  • Providing assistance to computer users with security tools and techniques
  • Putting together plans to keep their organization safe

2. Information security specialist

You serve as the organization\’s security point of contact in this position, ensuring that data is protected from unauthorised access and online assaults. Security experts\’ duties might include the following, however they differ from organisation to organisation:

  • Testing and upkeep of antivirus and firewall software
  • Putting security training into action
  • Examining potential security threats
  • Recommending changes to address security flaws

Average salary: $93,885

3. Digital forensic examiner

If you love solving puzzles, one of the next interesting careers in cybersecurity is Digital Forensic Examiner. Investigators that specialise in digital forensics take information from computers and other digital devices to find out how an unauthorised user gained access to a system or to gather proof for a court case. Daily chores might include:

  • Gathering, conserving, and evaluating digital proof
  • Data recovery from damaged or destroyed hard discs
  • The chain of custody is maintained while the data retrieval procedure is documented.
  • Helping the police conduct criminal investigations
  • Delivering an expert witness testimony in court

Average salary: $92,565

4. IT auditor

As an IT auditor, you\’ll evaluate the technology used by your company to look for any security, productivity, and compliance problems. Among your frequent responsibilities can be:

  • Organizing and carrying out audits
  • Keeping track of and presenting audit results
  • Providing guidance on suggested and required security measures
  • Creating strategies to address any security risks
  • Finding chances for increased effectiveness

Average salary: $79,427

5 Great ‘Starter’ Cybersecurity Certifications

Intermediate-level Careers in Cybersecurity

A number of doors may emerge for growth into more specialized jobs as you gain expertise in cybersecurity.

1. Security systems administrator

You are often assigned to this position and given control over how a company\’s cybersecurity systems are run on a daily basis. Some of your duties might be:

  • Maintaining systems and performing routine backups
  • Individual user account management
  • Creating and preserving the organization\’s security policies
  • Working with security teams to address unauthorized incursions
  • Taking part in security assessments for the whole business

Average salary: $73,398

2. Penetration tester

The next big area to look forward in the careers of cybersecurity is Penetration testin. You will be assisting companies in identifying their security flaws as a penetration tester (pen tester for short) before malicious hackers can do the same. You accomplish this by attempting to break into company-approved computer networks. Typical tasks include:

  • Preparing for, creating, and performing penetration testing
  • Generating test results reports and making suggestions to security decision-makers
  • Composing scripts to automate specific testing procedures
  • The practice of social engineering (attempting to get company employees to disclose confidential information)
  • Supplying technological assistance when addressing incidents

Average salary: $97,383

3. Security engineer

In this position, you build the defences against natural catastrophes and cyberattacks that protect a company\’s computers, networks, and data. Firewalls and intrusion detection systems may be included in these security systems. Daily chores might include:

  • Creating security best practices and standards
  • Suggesting security upgrades to management
  • Ensuring that new security systems are set up and deployed properly
  • Evaluating security measures
  • In charge of incident response teams
  • Create software to automate the discovery of vulnerabilities

Average salary: $128,893

4. Security architect

You establish the vision for a company\’s security systems as a security architect. To keep a company ahead of risks, this job combines programming, threat research, and policy formulation. Some of your duties might be:

  • Construction and upkeep of security networks and systems
  • Creating budgets and managing costs related to security
  • Integrating IT and engineering departments\’ security operations
  • Enhancing systems in reaction to security breaches or flaws
  • Carrying out drills for security breaches

Average salary: $195,333

5. Cryptography engineer

Cryptography the next big career in cybersecurity comprises securing data for communication and information transmission is a key aspect of cryptography work. To encrypt data, cryptologists develop encryption algorithms, ciphers, and other security procedures. The information that has been coded is decrypted by cryptoanalysts. In this position, typical duties include:

  • Creating fresh cryptographic formulas
  • Examining the weaknesses of the current algorithms
  • Putting encryption solutions in place
  • Testing new tools and encryption methods

Average salary: $117,862

6. Cybersecurity manager

In the topmost career in cybersecurity, you will be in charge of managing your organization\’s security infrastructure in this leadership role in cybersecurity. This might incorporate:

  • Managing resources, both human and technological
  • Monitoring changes to the security policy both within and outside
  • Ensuring adherence to security guidelines and requirements
  • Obtaining cybersecurity equipment for the company
  • Directing risk reduction initiatives

Also read: 10 Popular Cybersecurity Certifications

More than half of the security experts began their careers in cybersecurity with an entry-level position in IT. Before taking on the additional duties of a security job, you may establish yourself inside a company and develop your technical abilities by beginning as an IT support technician or network administrator.

Want to be a highly paid Network Engineer?

Additionally, the National Security Agency (NSA) provides Development Programs in Cybersecurity Engineering and Operations. These three-year, full-time, paid positions encourage participants in developing new skills or change careers.

Hope you got the relevent information on the topic you were searching for. If you still have doubts, feel free to ask us in the comments.

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How to become a Network Engineer? In 6 Easy Steps

Do you aspire to become a highly paid Network Engineer? Then this article will guide you through that

A career in network engineering is always in great demand and is increasing extremely fast. Network engineers typically make between 6 to 8 lakhs rupees per year in India compared to $50,000 to $60,000 worldwide.

But there is doubt among people about what a Network Engineer does, so before moving further on how to become a Network Engineer, Let’s see what Network Engineering is, and what a Network Engineer does.

What is Network Engineering?

A network engineer is a qualified engineer with extensive knowledge in keeping networks’ connectivity for data, audio, calls, videos, and wireless network services. networks’ connectivity for data, audio, calls, videos, and wireless network services. The planning and administration of computer networks are the responsibilities of network engineers. Additionally, tasks related to their job profile include the setup
and configuration of network equipment, troubleshooting procedures, and technical support & help activities. This article will explain the steps and methods to becoming a network engineer.

How to become a Network Engineer? Step by Step Process

Here is the step‐by‐step process on how to become a Network Engineer

1. Complete the necessary Education

After completing your 10+2, you have the option of enrolling in a Bachelor of Science ﴾BSc﴿ degree
program in networking technology or a Bachelor of Technology ﴾BTech﴿ or Bachelor of Engineering
﴾BE﴿ program in computer science or a related subject. You can begin your career in network
engineering with a formal degree.

There are currently no set educational requirements, but the majority of companies do prefer
candidates to have a bachelor’s or master’s degree, depending on the employment level. For
improved prospects, you can also pursue vendor certifications like CCNA, CCNP, etc.

2. Get to know about the Basics of Networking

You need to first know the fundamentals of networking concepts. You must learn how things actually operate, for example, “How are two systems connected?” or “Why do people use different kinds of cables,” etc.
Here are some of the basic technologies you need to keep an eye on in the Basics of Networking

  • LANs/WANs
  • Topologies
  • Router/Switches / Hubs
  • OSI Model
  • Transmission Modes
  • Firewalls
  • Application Protocols
  • IP Addresses
  • Network Security, etc

3. Taking it to the advanced level

After finishing the Basic Networking Concepts, you must now go for the advanced understanding in this area. You need to work harder and dedicate yourself to this. You can choose from a variety of Live Training Sessions led by Experts, as well as Books, Journals, Blogs, and other Resources. Learn about other relevant topics such as Operating Systems ﴾Linux, Unix, etc.﴿, current networking developments, etc. in
addition to the fundamental networking ideas.

Interested in joining Advanced Network Training?

Do whatever you can to increase your understanding of the networking field. You can configure your computer, even set up your lab for practice, go to seminars and conferences, and more. To improve your skills and become more familiar with various networking tools, you can also complete several coding tasks and projects.

4. Getting Vendor Specific Certificates

You can choose from among the many networking certifications that recognized suppliers like CISCO, Juniper, etc. provide. Your exposure and confidence will increase greatly as a result of these qualifications. Additionally, employers like hiring applicants who hold these kinds of certificates. The following is a list of several well‐known networking certifications

Cisco Certified Network Associate ﴾CCNA﴿

The Cisco Certified Network Associate ﴾CCNA﴿ is an associate‐level ﴾early career﴿ credential and is widely regarded as a standard in the networking industry. Numerous networking fundamentals are covered. Given that Cisco is one of the biggest networking businesses, this credential is very important. Cisco also provides certificates at the entry‐level ﴾CCT﴿, professional ﴾CCNP﴿, and expert levels ﴾CCDE﴿.

CompTIA Network+

The CompTIA Network+ certification assesses your knowledge of networking fundamentals independent of the manufacturer of the networking technology you may be using. In addition, CompTIA provides the CompTIA A+ certification for those seeking entry‐level IT positions.

Juniper Networks Certified Associate – Junos ﴾JNCIA‐Junos﴿

The associate‐level certification for Juniper Networks technologies is the JNCIA‐ Junos. For anyone wishing to pursue more advanced certifications from Juniper Networks in data center technologies, enterprise routing and switching, or service provider routing and switching, this is the first step that must be completed.

SolarWinds Certified Professional

You can use and manage SolarWinds network and system products if you hold the SolarWinds Certified Professional credential. Products from SolarWinds are widely used in niche markets like accountancy and government.

Aruba Certified Mobility Associate ﴾ACMA﴿

Some employers can demand that you understand Aruba networking features. You may design, set up, and configure a fundamental Aruba Wireless Local Area Network if you have the Aruba Certified Mobility Associate ﴾ACMA﴿ certification. Switching, ClearPass, Design, and Security are the other four associate‐level Aruba certifications you can earn to become an Aruba Edge Associate.

VMWare Certified Technical Associate – Network Virtualization ﴾VCTA‐NV﴿

Obtaining the VCTA‐NV certification can be a fantastic approach to start learning about the fundamentals of the VMware NSX network virtualization platform if you’re interested in virtualization. Your familiarity with NSX terminology, graphical user interfaces, and other fundamental technical abilities will be tested as part of the certification process.

Also Read: 10 Essential IT Certifications for 2022

5. Getting Hands‐on Experience

The best way to become a Network Engineer is to, practice it. Now that you have the necessary knowledge of the networking domain, you must put that information into practice in real time. In general, organizations do not want to take the risk of hiring new employees to manage their operational network systems, hence network engineers are typically employed with some experience. Therefore, it is preferable, to begin with, an entry‐level position or internship in order to obtain some experience. Under the supervision of a more seasoned network engineer, you can learn here about the installation, configuration, and other operations of network systems.

6. Applying for Jobs

Okay, so you’re ready to apply for Network Engineer positions now that you have the necessary networking knowledge, the necessary certifications, and some practical experience. Making a list of networking companies and visiting their official websites to see their eligibility requirements and other requirements is a good place to start. In accordance with its relevance, you can also apply for the position there. Remember that joining a better firm as a network engineer is not the end goal; you can advance to roles such as network manager or chief technology officer. The leading networking firms in the world include Microsoft, Cisco Systems, Juniper, Intel, IBM, Sophos, and others.